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Salem Witch Trials, 2008.
The paper examines the historical development and significance of the Salem witch trials.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the historical development and significance of the Salem witchcraft trials, and argues that the Salem trials were pieces of a larger phenomenon, i.e. the system of belief of New England which integrated witchcraft. In doing so, the paper considers the following aspects: the historical and social circumstances of 17th century Massachusetts, previous such episodes, the profile of the people executed on charges of witchcraft, as well as the effect of race and gender on the formulation of witchcraft allegations.
From the Paper
"The Salem witch trials were preliminary hearings held in 1692 in several towns: Salem Village, Ipswich, Andover, as well as Salem Town, Massachusetts. The best-known such hearings were conducted in Salem Town and resulted in nineteen of witchcraft i.e. nineteen death sentences by hanging. One of the most interesting controversies ever associated with the Salem trials is that of the role of Cotton and Increase Mather in the trials in question . There have been countless speculations regarding the Mathers, ranging from accusations of propagating witch-hunt hysteria as a means of driving people back to church to open condemnation of being slow to speak out against spectral evident brought against the witches. Spectral evidence referred to the afflicted people's testimonies which incriminated the alleged witches; the afflicted claimed they saw apparitions of certain people who were causing the affliction i.e. witches. The most significant questions that arise when talking about the Salem alleged cases of witchcraft are, why did so many cases occur?, and secondly, what common traits can be identified among these cases? In order to be able to answer these two questions, one must turn their attention to several factors such as religious ideology, political and social context, as well as the profile of the accused and the accusers, and last but not least, what these accusations entailed and how they were responded to."
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The War in Iraq and US Policy, 2008.
An examination of United States policy with regard to the war and intervention in Iraq.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The war in Iraq is one of the most debated subjects on the international scene. The author of the paper examines the policy of the main actor involved, the United States and its place inside the wider framework of the policy towards the Middle East. The writer specifically looks at the reasons for the US presence in Iraq, both stated and unstated, the status today of objectives at the onset of US involvement, a discussion as to the relevance of US policy towards achieving its stated goals and finally, an examination of the costs and benefits involved in the intervention.
Outline:
Introduction
Stated Policy of the US in Iraq
Objectives in Iraq and the Middle East
The United States and its Stated Objectives
Assessment of the Policy Towards Iraq
Costs and Benefits
From the Paper
"There are several aspects that must be taken into account in order to have a better image of the war in Iraq and the current situation on the ground. In this sense, it is important to consider the policy of the main actor involved, the United States; also, its place insider the wider framework of the policy towards the Middle East; in addition to these general aspects, an important issue is the precise reasons for the American presence on the ground, to the extent in which these reasons are made available to the public; the status of the objectives stated in the beginning of the operations must also be assessed, as well as the degree in which the direction of the policies is adequate for achieving these goals. Finally, an important segment for describing the wider situation of the war in Iraq and the US's attitude towards it is the assessment of the costs and benefits of the operations."
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Nelson Mandela, 2008.
A review of the lifetime achievements of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the first black president of South Africa.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life history of Nelson Mandela, his struggle against apartheid and racial discrimination, the developments in South Africa after his release from prison, and his personal achievements for the country.
From the Paper
"The improvements that South Africa has seen since his release from prison in the early '90s are overwhelming. The institutionalized apartheid regime was dismantled, a constitution was ratified in 1996, and a change in popular mentality has definitely occurred. In addition, Mandela and his party, the African National Congress have militated for improving the quality of life among black citizens, and have established the Committee for Truth and Reconciliation whose aim was to investigate the crimes of the apartheid. Mandela's term in office ended in 1999 but the fact that he is no longer President of South Africa does not mean he is no longer involved in the affairs of his country. He decided not to run for a second term, and in 2004 retired from public life mostly because of health problems."
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The Problem of Heart Disease, 2008.
A research paper about the modern technology available for the treatment of heart disease.
16,450 words (approx. 65.8 pages), 47 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research explores those methods which have been developed, and found effective in treating heart disease. The paper starts with an analysis of the types of heart disease, their increase in incidents and some of the proximate causes. It then discusses technologies that have been developed or perfected to deal with heart disease in two areas: revascularization using PCI, or percutaneous coronary intervention, and CABG, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Next, the paper analyzes development in aortic valve treatment, including aortic valvuloplasty, aortic valve replacement surgery, and the newly-emerging minimally-invasive approaches to aortic valve replacement, both surgical and percutaneous. The writer posits that, despite fairly dramatic reductions in heart attack systems and a slight decrease in heart-related deaths in the United States and other first-world countries, the application of technology has had mixed results. Several photos and an annotated bibliography are included with the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Scope of the Problem of Heart Disease
Ethnic Group
Sex
Region
Age
Socioeconomic Factors
Biochemical Factors
Escalating Costs Associated with New Technology for Coronary Artery Disease
Pharmaceutical Treatment of Patients with Heart Disease
Emergency Room Treatment
CABG Cost Discussion
Primary Coronary Intervention
Post-AMI Angioplasty
Reservations on Cost Comparisons
Direct Costs for New Devices
Who Controls the Patient?
Rising Costs to Patients
Quality of Life
Conclusions for CABG and PCI
Aortic Valve Replacement
Current Method of Treatment: Surgery or Valvuloplasty
Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement
Rivalry between Physician Groups and Impact on Practice Volumes
Subapical Valve Replacement
Patient Benefit
Costs and Benefits for Aortic Valve Replacement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The highest incidence of heart and circulatory disease is amongst the Pima Indians of the deserts of Arizona. Their rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease are four times higher than the average American. When all other factors are taken into account, the genetic component is a major causative factor for heart disease.
Blacks and Hispanics have a significantly higher rate of heart disease as well. As with all analyses of causative factors, there is a close correlation between obesity, lack of exercise and Type-2 diabetes in these ethnic groups as well. This could indicate that, because these ethnic groups are more susceptible to these confounding factors, they are therefore more prone to heart and circulatory disease. There is also a concern that, in addition to having a higher incidence of obesity and heart disease, that blacks are less likely to receive echocardiograms, stress EKG's, angiograms and angioplasty. Blacks tend to have a higher incidence of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity than whites. This is particularly true for black women, 55% of whom are classified as 'obese' (i.e. a BMI of greater than 30 percent) (AORN, 2002). Black men also have a higher obesity rate than white men, and on a par with white women.
Those of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani) and Middle Eastern ethnicity tend to have higher rates of heart disease."
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Adolescent Relationships and Sexuality, 2008.
A study proposal to examine the impact of relationship satisfaction on adolescents' body image and sexual esteem.
2,677 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to examine the sexual esteem of adolescents as a potentially positive feature of their sexual development. Sexual esteem is an individual's sense of confidence in their sexuality and ability to be a good and satisfying sexual partner. The paper places sexual esteem within the context of adolescent relationships and in juxtaposition with the rampant body image issues experienced by adolescents to determine whether or not body image plays a role in adolescents' sexual esteem. The study also examines individuals who are in relationships to determine whether or not dyadic adjustment plays a moderating role between body image and sexual esteem.
Outline:
Current Study
Method
From the Paper
"Western adolescents are growing up in a culture that places a great deal of emphasis on beauty. The media prescribes ideal body image standards which are often unrealistic and not at all representative of a healthy lifestyle. Thoughts of body self-consciousness are not uncommon in Western society where individuals, especially adolescents, are constantly bombarded with images of athletic appeal and sexual beauty. Adolescents are especially prone to body self-consciousness, as the media directly targets adolescent audiences and creates a culture of peer pressure in which adolescents feel they must adhere to the values of thinness and beauty (Farguhar & Wasyllkiw, 2007). Research has shown that adolescents, particularly young girls, are greatly influences by media portrayals of thinness (Bell, Lawton & Dittmar, 2007). For example, Bell and colleagues (2007) found that young girls who watched music videos that sexually depicted thin models had higher scores on body dissatisfaction than did those who only listened to the songs and did not see the corresponding images of thinness and 'ideal beauty.' "
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"On the Justice of Roosting Chickens", 2008.
A critical analysis of "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" by Ward Churchill.
842 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses and analyzes the chapter entitled "Some People Push Back" in Ward Churchill's book "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens". The paper explains Churchill's argument that the violence the US promotes will eventually come to have serious repercussions on the peace and security of the nation, as demonstrated by the 9/11 attacks. The paper contends, however, that Churchill's view cannot be seen as viable since it does not take into account the ever evolving historical developments and the factors that can influence decisions.
Outline:
Introduction
Summary
From the Paper
"Ward Churchill has been a vivid critic of the use of violence. He has argued for an end to violence from all the parties involved. However, in his book, "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" he discusses the way in which the United States has been using violence as a means to conduct politics. The most recent event that enabled him to develop his thesis on the need to stop violence was the war in Iraq, viewed as one of the most tragic events in recent history. This impression was not necessarily constructed from the perspective given by the number of victims of the war, or the casualties suffered by both sides, but rather from the perspective of the issues it entangles. He argues in his book that the violence the US promotes, regardless of the reason for which it follows this course will eventually come to have serious repercussions on the peace and security of the nation."
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The Infuence of the Bible on Christian Mission, 2008.
A paper examining Christian missionary work and evangelism and the influence of the Bible.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper discusses the influence of the Bible on the spread and success of the Christian mission. The author first examines how the Bible encourages evangelism and missionary work referring both to literature and passages from the Bible to support his case. The writer then discusses how the Bible was crucial in promoting Christianity in varying areas of the world and how it influenced the indigenous populations. Finally, the writer examines how the Bible has influenced the growth of evangelism in the United States.
From the Paper
"This missionary goal is found in Psalms and Prophets, and in many other passages throughout the Bible that speak to creation, history and prophetic views (p. 18). It was to the third world countries around the globe that evangelists traveled to in order to witness and to convert people whose lives were rooted in paganism and exoticism and mysticism to Christianity. To that end, it cannot be said that the missionaries were without success; although Christians found competition in the Islamic convert or die philosophy, which has been hugely successful in Africa, a place of extensive evangelic missionary work. However, it was to the third world countries that evangelists took Christian prayer, which they believed was a way to be involved in the Promise of God, and ushering in the reign of God on Earth (Sindima, Harvey, J., 1998, p. 180)."
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