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Survey Methods for Educational Research, 2006.
A research paper evaluating survey methods for educational research.
5,528 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of questionnaires as research tools. The paper explores how, once a research paradigm and research questions are defined, researchers must determine the design nature (exploratory or conclusive). The paper discusses and evaluates different survey methods and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the survey methods over other descriptive research designs. Additionally, the paper discusses considerations involved in conducting surveys as well as the ethical issues arising from the various kinds of survey research identified. Finally, the author makes a proposal for a future study to design and evaluate a pilot questionnaire on effective uses of questionnaires as educational research tools.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Questionnaire Design
Validity and Reliability
Sampling Design and Procedure
Analytic Procedure
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Social science researchers have long debated the best, most efficacious ways of viewing the world. Two major paradigms, the C positivist and interpretivist, have today become the main focus of this debate. The C positivist paradigm is more compatible with quantitative research methodology. Quantitative research endeavors to define, explain, predict or control phenomena, using descriptive and inferential statistics. That method reflects belief that reality is mechanistic and deterministic, and that a whole may be divided into parts. Quantitative research implies faith in scientific progress, and the static nature of reality. Thorndike state that if anything exists, it can be measured. Objectivity and detachment are upheld in quantitative data collection, in order to explain changes in aspects of reality, or reveal any cause-and- effect relationships that may occur among parts of a whole. Interpretivist paradigms relate mostly to qualitative methodology. Subscribers believe human beings, individually and collectively, develop reality. Such paradigms interpret the specific instead of generalizing from the specific."
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Reporting Research, 2004.
This paper discusses criteria for evaluating research reporting and applies these to a nursing research article.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when performing a critical analysis of another?s research reporting, the reviewer must adhere to the basic principle of evaluation, namely, the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion is drawn. The author points out that the function of a research report or article is to inform readers about the problem being investigated, the methods used to solve the problem, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions inferred from the results. The paper relates that the writing in research reports must be succinct, objective, and crystalline so that the research can be replicated by those who read it.
From the Paper
"Further, the research investigator failed to mention in the written analysis whether or not the parents were fully informed as to the purpose of the study or its benefits. Again, the investigator fell short of adhering to the principles of ethical research etiquette. In the final analysis, this reviewer is forced to grade the Schultz research with a D grade. Based on the lack of a stated research problem, stated testable hypothesis, appropriate sampling and statistical analysis, and lack of sustainable topical inference the investigation falls short of credible informational importance."
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Critiquing a Research Article, 2007.
This paper is a critique of a research article in the "Journal of Educational Computing Research" by Jayne Pivik, Ian MacFarland, Joan McComas and LaFalamme titled 'Using Virtual Reality to Teach Disability Awareness'.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when critiquing research articles, the reviewer must adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation by analyzing the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusions are drawn. The author points out that the purpose of the reported research investigation was to determine if a desktop virtual reality program was suitable to teach children about the user-friendliness and attitudinal barriers encountered by their peers who have mobility problems and to promote more positive attitudes toward children with disabilities. The paper concludes that, although the research article was well written, so many errors exist in terms of design that commenting on the efficacy of the results cannot be accomplished.
From the Paper
"In addition to omitting a research question and testable null hypothesis, the authors failed in other research areas as well, namely, sampling, instrumentation or measurement, and statistical tool selection. The errors here are of such magnitude that they can only be presented on a very general basis. Notwithstanding the fact that the authors failed to properly identify the type or research, research question, and testable null hypothesis their selection of research design (statistical tool and sample) is completely without merit. When selecting a design the author is obligated to inform the reader as to the rational."
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Evaluative Research and Sponsor Influence, 2004.
Explains what evaluative research is and discusses the problem of sponsor influence often seen in this type of research.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper describes what evaluative research is and how it differs from traditional research. The paper points out that evaluative research is usually funded by one sponsor and that this type of sponsorship can lead to a bias in the research findings.
From the Paper
"Evaluative research is conducted in more or less the same manner as traditional research however it can be distinguished from other social researches on the basis of the fact that evaluative research is usually carried out mainly to evaluate or assess the effectiveness of a certain program or product."
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A Research Failure?, 2007.
A critical evaluation of the research article "Biochemical Hypoglycemia in Female Nurses During Clinical Shift Work" by Inoue, Kayoko, Kakehashi, Yuko, Oomori, Suiki and Koizuma, Akio.
2,421 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the article "Biochemical Hypoglycemia in Female Nurses During Clinical Shift Work" to determine the efficacy and use of proper and best-fit research protocol. The paper evaluates the authors' use of a proper and identifiable research question, the presentation of a testable null hypothesis and the identification of the necessary independent and dependent variables. The paper also examines the statistical data analysis procedures and the usefulness of the research results. The paper demonstrates how the results of this article, although of topic importance, fail miserably in adhering to the protocol set forth for best-fit epidemiological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Design, Research Question and Testable Hypothesis
Literature Review
Sample
Measurement Instruments
Data Analysis and Results
Results, Limitations and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Research, albeit philosophical, historical, descriptive, or experimental, is not simply a collection of random thoughts or numeric data reduced to paper (Van Dalen, 1966). Research of any type is a scientific endeavor that is defined, organized, and subjected to critical scrutiny and, above all, requires a scientific approach (Senter, 1969). Far more exacting is that research investigations must follow best fit research guidelines if the content is to be applicable to the phenomenon being investigated. Such an exacting process applies not only to quantitative research but qualitative research as well (Ohlson, 1998). The scientific approach to research is a special systematic form of controlled reflective thinking and inquiry. Of all types of research defined, that of the experimental investigation is the most well defined, constructed, and controlled as it is that upon which the prediction of future occurrences are dependent."
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Nursing Research, 2005.
A comparison of two research papers on the nursing field.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This report focuses on the evaluation of two research papers in the field of nursing with respect to proper and acceptable research formatting and presentation. Specifically, the following components are examined: the establishment of a research need, presentation of research question and hypothesis, measurement and data collection, statistical data analysis, the presentation of results, and the sustainability of the results for future research endeavors. Additional research requirements are discussed in the body of each of the aforementioned sections.
From the Paper
"Health care in the twenty first century is facing demands that are not only financially restrictive but also greatly influenced by intervening variables such as increased life span, an awareness of advanced treatment programming, and better quality of life. Unfortunately, however, with better health care there exists a void in the availability of trained professionals who are qualified to provide the necessary medical service. One of the most critical challenges, therefore, facing the nursing profession now and for the future is the impending national nursing shortage (Corning, 2002) and is expected to grow and peak within the next 15 to 20 years."
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Research Designs--A Review, 2007.
This paper reviews two pieces of literature regarding the debate between qualitative and quantitative research.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and contrasts qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research by reviewing two articles. The first article entitled "The Qualitative-Quantitative Debate" by A.K. Trochim argues that there is very little difference between the two types of research, despite the conflict, since all qualitative data can be coded quantitatively. S. Ferch also explores the difference between quantitative and qualitative research in the article "Quantitative versus Qualitative Research: An Attempt to Clarify the Problem." The writer feels the most insightful finding Ferch discovers is that research is conducted in the real world, and therefore often does not fit into the ideal paradigms of either/ or research methodology exactly. The reviewer concludes that the debate over qualitative versus quantitative is moot, since both authors found those who rely on qualitative measures must use quantitative measures in their analysis and vice versa.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"The researchers both used qualitative and quantitative methods for proving their point that neither research type can stand alone in the real world; however no data, other than their own experiential data was collected. Therefore, the sample size was considerably small. They used this data to generalize their unique findings to demonstrate the connectivity between the two methods."
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