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Bull Fighting in Spain, 2008.
Presents arguments in favor of Spanish bull fighting and opposed to bull fighting with type of argument and fallacy indicated in the opposition argument.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper first supports the decision of the state-run Spanish television network in ending the tradition of broadcasting bull fighting and presents reason for this position. The paper then takes the opposite position in favor of bull fighting. In opposition argument, the paper identifies the type of fallacy and argument mistakes.
Table of Contents:
Against Bull Fighting
Response Paper Indicating Type of Fallacy and Argument: For Bull Fighting
From the Paper
"People who criticize bullfighting disrespect tradition and by discrediting customs, they hope to achieve globalization and the deletion of what is specific to each nation. (guilt by association) Perhaps my arguments are in vain since most protesters are American, and Americans do not know much about traditions. (hasty generalization) Also, I find it a bit ironic that a nation that was born only a few centuries ago can criticize Spain who was an immensely wealthy and advanced state at the time when America was being discovered. Moreover, the fact that America has virtually no authentic universal customs or traditions does not give it the right to criticize others for having a cultural background which they want to preserve. (personal attack)."
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"The Miller's Tale", 2008.
This paper discusses "The Miller's Tale" in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" in terms of Chaucer's focus on gender construction and sexual tone.
1,138 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how "The Miller's Tale" in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" has occupied serious significance in the world of literature and literary rhetoric. The paper explains that many question the gender construction in the tale and that some have raised queries about Chaucer's focus on private parts and sexual encounters in the tales. The paper further explains that the Miller in the poem is introduced in vivid physical terms and his physical features are explained in bold letters as to set the tone for the tale. This happens because Chaucer wants to introduce a character that is most concerned with the physical side of relationships as we learn in the tale. This paper concentrates on explaining this.
From the Paper
"Another interesting way of lending decency to the tale was by reversing the role of authors. In Miller's tale it is not the men merely who are authors of dirty jokes, instead Alisoun is as much a part of that as any man. 'Now hust, and thou shalt laughen al thy fille' (3722). Alisoun is not restricted by her gender duties and restrictions. This is one device or method by means of which Chaucer reverses patriarchic system and introduced women liberation. Along with this, it adds art to what could have been a long explicit tale of sexual rendezvous.
"There is one more striking feature of the tale that shows how Miller's tale turns into a work of art. Throughout the tale the author is more interested in showing the preparation for encounters and method of courtly love than in actual sexual scenes. For example Absolon loves Alisoun in the courtly sense. He wants to be her lover not in the bed alone and in fact doesn't try hard to pursue Alisoun for sexual favors. As Kolve puts it, 'What earnest trespasser upon a marriage would go sing to the wife at an hour when the husband lies beside her in their bed?' (187)."
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L1 Transfer versus Universal Grammar, 2008.
A complete research project to analyze the concepts involved in the L1 (native language) transfer versus universal grammar debate.
9,580 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 38 sources, APA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that adults learning a second or foreign language often produce errors or nonnative substitutions, including a foreign accent and normative grammatical utterances. To study the issue of L1 (native language) transfer versus universal grammar, the author uses a critical review of relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature and a survey of Mexican-American second language learners living in California concerning their views on these issues. The paper concludes that the knowledge of grammar in one language does not necessarily translate into an efficient use of grammar in another language. Included with the paper are several graphs, charts and tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Terms
Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
L1 Transfer
Universal Grammar
Discussion
Table: Recapitulation of L1 Transfer Studies
Table: .Recapitulation of Universal Grammar Studies
Methodology
Data Analysis
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Following a period of relative inattention during the Renaissance, an wide range of concepts of universal grammar emerged which were no longer tied strictly to Latin; instead, grammarians began to consider what is universal in human languages to the "particular" or "special" properties that serve to differentiate one language from another. In this regard, Thomas reports that Johann Heinrich Alsted provided a useful definition of "general grammar" in his 1630 Encyclopedia as 'the pattern [norma] of every particular grammar.'"
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Velma Wallis' "Two Old Women", 2008.
Reviews Velma Wallis' book "Two Old Women: An Alaska Legend of Betrayal, Courage and Survival".
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Velma Wallis' book "Two Old Women: An Alaska Legend of Betrayal, Courage and Survival" tells a story based on a legend among the Athabascan Indians of the upper Yukon river area in Alaska. The author relates that, according to the customs of the tribe, the elderly are left behind during difficult times for the tribe so that the others may live. In the story, two old women are left to die; however, they prove that they can survive. The paper stresses that Wallis believes people possess hidden gifts that they do not develop until they need to.
From the Paper
"The mantra for the two women becomes, "Let us die trying." Whether they succeed or not, then, they will have demonstrated their personal power and their refusal to sit down and die without a fight. They begin by taking inventory of their skills and by considering skills, they had in their youth but may not have used for many years. They see the need to revive these old skills now that they need them to survive. The women are left alone but not with nothing, for they still have their possessions and so can make use of what tools they own."
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Maria Amparo Escandon's "Santitos", 2008.
Analyzes the role of religion in Maria Amparo Escandon's novel "Santitos".
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Maria Amparo Escandon's novel "Santitos"
tells the tale of Esperanza, a young woman who has suffered many tragedies in her life yet still manages to find hope and comfort in her unique brand of Christian faith. The paper points out that institutionalized religion is often portrayed as oppressive to female self-empowerment. However, in this novel, as opposed to this conventional representation of Catholic spirituality, the protagonist Esperanza's life illustrates that popular Catholicism is not necessarily misogynistic or male-dominated. The paper stresses that one of the most unique features of the role of religion in this novel is how sexuality and spirituality are openly linked.
Table of Contents:
Story Summary
The Role of Religion in "Santitos"--Analysis
From the Paper
"To find her daughter, whom she believes has been abducted in the hospital and sold into prostitution, Esperanza herself must live amongst prostitutes and enter seedy locations, in the service of her daughter and also the service of the saints. Esperanza first looks for Blanca in a Tijuana then in California. She says that the saints are waiting for her in California--because of the many names of the cities that begin with "San." This reflects Esperanza's often simplistic and naive view of the world."
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David Kessler's "A Question of Intent", 2008.
A review of David Kessler's book about the use of factual data and public policy, "A Question of Intent".
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that David Kessler's book "A Question of Intent" demonstrates how even something apparently objective, like factual data regarding science and human health, is still open to subjective interpretation and influence in the political arena. The paper points out that, during his tenure from 1990 to 1997 at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Kessler created more aggressive agency policies in regards to tobacco regulation, food labeling and prescription drug approval. The paper then relates that, in his book, Kessler explains how and why he chose to take a more proactive regulatory role in regards to the agency's responsibilities overseeing the health of the American public.
Table of Contents:
Public Policy--"A Question of Intent"
Incident 1: Big Tobacco
Incident 2: Food (mis) Labeling
Incident 3: Drugs
From the Paper
"Although American consumers might like to think they have grown savvier about reading food labels and understanding food misleading food advertising, Kessler was one of the first FDA heads to realize that apparently innocuous labels could contain a great deal of misinformation because of the way they were marketed, and only contain accurate information if consumers interpreted the 'fine print' hidden in an inaccessible fashion on the label. He required food manufacturers to stop calling processed foods fresh if they had been made with frozen tomatoes or orange juice made from concentrate."
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Benefits of Stem Cell Research, 2008.
An argument that the medical benefits of stem cell research outweigh the ethical and religious dilemmas surrounding the practice.
2,411 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the diseases that are the focus of stem cell research and relates that stem cells can be used to test new drugs and can replicate specific cells which will then grow into human organs. The paper then looks at the opposition to stem cell research and explains how many claim it is ethically unsound and a form of murder of an unborn fetus, while others believe that stem cell research will someday lead to cloning human beings. The paper asserts that there should be some form of regulation regarding human cloning, but stem cell research should be funded and encouraged by the government. The paper contends that stem cell research will save lives and could bring an end to many debilitating conditions that millions of people around the world suffer from and die from each year.
From the Paper
"Stem cells hold the promise for the future in many areas of medicine. Basically, stem cell research attempts to discover how a healthy cell reproduces itself into an organism, and how healthy cells replace cells that are damaged in the body. Some scientists refer to stem cell research as "regenerative or reparative medicine" (Editors, 2006). These cells are important for a wide variety of reasons, but especially because they hold the promise of some day eradicating many common diseases and illnesses that today are incurable."
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