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European Influence on Native American Tribes, 2006.
This paper examines the continuing and devastating impact the Europeans, particularly the English, have had on the Native American people.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The writer of paper explores the current situation affecting the majority of the once proud Native Americans who now suffer from alcohol and substance abuse as well as declining general health. This paper historically details the life of Native Americans prior to the arrival of the English. The Native Americans lived in relative harmony with their surroundings and as contributing members to the land. This paper examines how the arrival of the English brought with them domination and a disrespect for the harmonious way of life the Native Americans had adopted. This paper discusses the fact that the English introduced alcohol to the Native-Americans. Prior to the introduction of alcohol the natives were seen as fit, athletic and lean people, whereas the people of today are often seen as obese and sickly. The writer contends and explains why alcohol is not the only problem introduced by the Europeans. This paper examines the the cultural genocide that has occurred among the natives who suffer from higher than average death rates, higher tuberculosis rates and a generally poor overall level of health.
From the Paper
"Alcohol abuse is no the only problem introduced by the Europeans; today as a result of the cultural genocide that has occurred among the Native Americans, people living in these communities often suffer from higher than average general death rates, higher infant mortality and childhood death rates, higher tuberculosis rates and a general poor overall level of health regardless of ones age. In addition there is a generally inaccessibility to adequate health care facilities and a tremendous lack of preventive programs for health improvement among the population, all of which can contribute to an increased abuse of alcohol and other addictive substances. Most natives probably content themselves with living an impoverished lifestyle and have to turn to substances to take their mind off of the poor quality of life and healthy they must endure day after day."
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Art in Non-Western Society, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes a Native American Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the artistic and cultural significance of an Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890, which was found in North America. This paper contains a detailed description of the object, a large turtle rattle which is composed of the complete shell and skin of a snapping- turtle, 12-14 inches long, with head and neck stretched and held by stick splints to form a handle. The writer describes how this and other similar objects were used in Native Americans ceremonies and healing rituals. This paper delves into the significance of this and other artistic objects that were intrinsic to the native way of life. These objects were created in prehistoric times for utilitarian purposes.
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Brief Description
Description
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From the Paper
"The turtle rattle was also a musical instrument in ceremonial use. One of its most important functions was its significance in the False Face ceremonies. One of the most distinguishing features of the Iroquois belief system is the reliance on the mask for religious and ritual purposes. These masks are often designated as False Faces. This term refers to the first False Face and the mythical origins of protective and healing spirits. They are used in introductory and agricultural rituals. The turtle rattles play a significant part in these important rituals. The turtle rattle is therefore integrated with the overall understanding of the origin myths of the Iroquois Indians. The turtle rattle is also seen as a powerful object in its own right and not just a decorative or musical piece."
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Tenure Discrimination: A Personal Narrative, 2006.
This article describes a personal battle against discrimination in an application for university tenure.
3,032 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author describes the reasons why she had to resign from her university post. She considers herself a Native American, despite her being Jewish. The author goes on to tell her story, why she was made to resign from her post in the Native American studies department. She also recommends, for all academics who are trying to get tenure, to ask a few pertinent questions of their departments before even applying. For example, she suggests that a prospect should inquire among his prospective faculty colleagues if they think that the decolonization of Native peoples is a significant issue today. The author carries on discussing her bitter experiences, emphasizing that because she is not the classic Native American, she was discriminated against. She concludes that it is better to work with your colleagues and find a common understanding, than to try and fight them.
From the Paper
"Cornel Pewewardy calls for all of us to have a firm grounding in the discourse of the deconstruction of racial categories. He states that guilt and fear prevent too many from fully addressing the discourse and its ramifications "most of us are in denial about 'race' and 'hegemony' and do little committed thinking about race matters." Genocide and colonization are of course at the root of the guilt and fear; these historical processes will continue to erode every aspect of Native life until they are addressed both by dominant society and Native societies. Along with other Native academics and grassroots people, Pewewardy points to the need to "reach deep into the spiritual wells of our different religious traditions in order to draw strength and grace with which to address the challenges of healing and nation building." Implying that some of the current leadership may not be inclined or in position to do what he and others have called for, he also states that "Along with fresh leaders, a new leadership ethos grounded in tradition must be put in place, one that promotes accountability to the peoples through the revival of traditional decision-making procedures." My tenure experience, in addition to my experience of several reservations convinces me that too few of the people with power to influence the course of Native communities act from a Native ethos that is deeply concerned with reproducing Native values into the future."
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Theories of Indian Migration, 2005.
Traces the geological origins of the American Indian tribe known as the Cherokees.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the geological evidence supporting the theory that the Cherokee Indians originally immigrated to North America via the Bering Strait, the body of water that separates Siberia from Alaska. The paper also looks at the scientific and anthropological theories of Indian immigration but concludes that the geological theory is not at all implausible.
From the Paper
"The Cherokee Indians were heirchial with each man's place being determined by his persoanl achievements in war and in hunting. The Cherokee knew that the resources of the earth were finite and wisely used the gifts of the earth. In the 1978 book entitiled "Americas' Facinating Indian Heritage" stated is that, "The American Indians still live today in "substandard, overcrowded dwellings with minimal sanitation, tuberculosis, influenza and penmonia....the suicide rate among Indian adolescents is 100 times that of whites....alcoholism is common place. " While some of the tribes did receive government settlements eventually many of these did not. (America's Facinating Indian Heritage, 1978 p.396-398) The Cherokee people lived a balanced life that did not take from the earth and environment but left it as they found it in the Cherokee tradition."
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Native American Tribes, 2006.
An examination in detail of the Potawatomi tribe.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author looks at the origins of Native American tribes. In particular he looks at the Potawatomi tribe who has a lot of history affiliated with the state of Michigan. The author examines the early history of the Potawatomi tribe from their first origins in the area as far back as 1600. The paper examines the meaning of the name Potawatomi which is a translation of the Ojibwe "potawatomink" meaning "people of the place of fire", and looks at alternate names that have been given to this tribe. The author identifies special characteristics of this tribe and looks at their population growth over the years. In conclusion, the author looks at the modern day Potawatomi tribe and what they have achieved. He comments that they have assimilated into American society and that a general governing body has been set up to try and bring them back to their roots and make sure their original reservation land remains in their hands.
From the Paper
"Shortly after the French built Fort Ponchartrain at Detroit in 1701, groups of Potawatomi settled nearby. By 1716 most Potawatomi villages were located in an area between Milwaukee to Detroit. During the 1760s they expanded into northern Indiana and central Illinois. Land cessions to the Americans began in 1807 and during the next 25 years drastically reduced their territory. Removal west of the Mississippi occurred between 1834 and 1842. The Potawatomi were removed in two groups: the Prairie and Forest Bands from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin went to Council Bluffs in southwest Iowa; and the Potawatomi of the Woods (Michigan and Indian bands) were relocated to eastern Kansas near Osawatomie. In 1846 the two groups merged and were placed on a single reservation north of Topeka. Arguments over allotment and citizenship led to their separation in 1867. The Citizen Potawatomi left for Oklahoma and settled near present-day Shawnee. Most of their lands were lost to allotment in 1889. The Prairie Potawatomi stayed in Kansas and still have a reservation. Several Potawatomi groups avoided removal and remained in the Great Lakes."
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Thomas Jefferson's Racist Views, 2006.
An analysis of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia", demonstrating that Jefferson held racist views.
1,548 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces the background context of the work, which was written in 1780 when Jefferson was governor of Virginia, to a Frenchman asking for information about the new nation. The paper cites the work to contrast Jefferson's views of Indians and of Blacks. It argues that Jefferson defended Native Americans precisely because they were native to America and did not want them to be used as an example to deprecate the continent. The paper argues that, in comparison, he denigrated African-Americans because he was trying to justify his proposal of staged emancipation. In conclusion, the writer finds that Jefferson's views were neither hypocritical or contradictory, but were driven from his same vision of the white man having the responsibility to affect the emancipation.
From the Paper
"Though visionary in many aspects, there is considerable evidence that Thomas Jefferson never foresaw the future of America as a racial and cultural "melting pot". Indeed, he makes a substantial argument against further emigration of foreigners to the New World. ... The Jeffersonian vision of America given here seems somewhat in keeping with the Puritanical, Eden-like view, in that it should fall upon the new Adams to populate the new world that had been created for them. Jefferson saw "foreigners" as a source of interference; thereby, a potential threat to peaceful governance of a nation."
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Native American Religious Beliefs, 2006.
A look at the myths and beliefs of Native Americans and their respect and reverence for life that governed all aspects of their lives.
1,342 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper paper examines the background, beliefs, religion and society found in Native American culture and how their holistic culture impacted every aspect of their daily lives. In particular, the paper focuses on the the Six Nations that compose the Iroquois Confederacy: The Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Tuscarora.
From the Paper
"Native American society is broken up into individual Nations, which controlled certain geological area. A Nation is a collection of Tribes, which in turn were made up of Clans that were also unique to geological locations. Typically, the Clans were named for an animal, and there could be members of the same Clan in different Tribes. Within the Iroquois Confederacy, made up of six Nations, there are similar or identical clans found in nearly every Nation."
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